![]() Results were similar if only men with a principal diagnosis of HF ( n = 516) were considered, irrespective of whether a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization had been recorded at any time. Compared with men in the highest occupational class, men with intermediate non-manual occupations had a multiple-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–1.67, lower officials and foremen had an HR of 1.57 (1.22–2.03), semiskilled and skilled workers 1.48 (1.15–1.89), and unskilled workers 1.72 (1.34–2.20). There was an inverse relationship between SES, measured as an occupational class, and future risk of HF. Over a 28-year follow-up, 1004 men (14.3%) were discharged from hospital or died with a diagnosis of HF. ![]() Methods and results A total of 6999 men 47–55 years old, without a prior stroke or myocardial infarction, from a population sample of 9998 men, were investigated during 1970–73. ![]() Abstract Aims The link between low socioeconomic status (SES) and coronary heart disease (CHD) is well established, but there is a paucity of data whether a similar relation exists for heart failure (HF).
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